How Natural Selection Has Shaped The Modern Mind - 1575 Words

INTRODUCTION According to Darwin (Date), there is no fundamental difference between man and the higher mammals in their mental and perceived emotional faculties. In theory, every organism is engrained with complex, useful, and non-arbitrary bits of information that is essential to its survival. Organisms know when it is time to migrate, when it is best to hunt, and when mating should occur. According to Name (Date), these faculties are actually nonrandom parts of our development they must have come from either divine design or natural selection. The notion of whether or not divine design or natural selection is the result of an organisms faculties has sparked significant debate since Darwin first proposed his theory of natural selection†¦show more content†¦In the modern world, mankind is surrounding by a plethora of unique animals, plants, and other organism that have a certain natural design all their own. For instance, every organism appears to be best suited in their nat ural environment, as they are usually able thrive under unique conditions that may not optimal for every organism. Thus, it would appear as though divine intervention was necessary for this perfect design and placement of an organism into their environment. Consequently, this was the ideology for many centuries until Charles Darwin explained how these â€Å"illusions† fit into his theory of natural selection. Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection stated that the process by which forms of life having traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures, such as predators, changes in climate, or competition for food or mates, will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers than others of their kind, thus ensuring the perpetuation of those favorable traits in succeeding generations (Cite). Although it is widely accepted that many of human’s physical traits are inherited from their parents, the notion that the mind has evolved and is designed to function is certain ways is still controversial (Cite). With that being said, the majority of theories that illustrate how the mind develops are still being debated. Moreover, the

Bcg Matrix Is A Model Developed By Bruce Henderson Of The...

The BCG matrix is a model developed by Bruce Henderson of the Boston Consulting Group (NetMBA). The goal of the BCG matrix was to allow fellow marketers to easily analyze a product, whether it be old, or new, as to how effective it was in that particular market and if the product was successful in its overall product growth and market share. When it comes to selling a product, a company must overcome competitors in the same market who are looking to take a piece of the share of consumers. Therefore, in order to be successful, the use of a model such as the BCG allows a marketer to assess their competitive advantages as well as the ability to calculate the relative market share. For example, once you have products that have hit the market and have already established themselves, you can check back and cross examine those products to see which ones are important to your success as an organization and which ones you should contemplate scaling back on because these products may be viewed as questionable. According to NetMBA the BCG matrix contains four key components; the stars, the cash cows, dogs, and question marks. The stars of the matrix are the go getters. This part of the mix contains your products that continuously show an increase in growth industry within the market and a high market share. In other words, these products have been so superb that they influence deeper looks into how to smartly invest whilst bringing about a noticeable change to rekindle interest inShow MoreRelatedBcg Growth Share Matrix772 Words   |  4 PagesDublin Institute of Technology MSc COMPUTING SCIENCE (Information Technology for Strategic Management) BCG Growth Share Matrix Research Assignment No. 2 The BCG Growth-Share Matrix The BCG Growth-Share Matrix is a portfolio planning model that was developed by Bruce Henderson of the Boston Consulting Group in the early 1970s. It is based on the observation that organisations business units can be classified into four categories based on combinations of market growth and market shareRead MoreCase Study : Management People Organization1294 Words   |  6 Pagesbut due to its product qualities and features it has become popular in international markets. Apple use all management strategies to make their company stable and strong. Its management team also focus on business theories like - SWOT analysis, BCG matrix and Porter’s competitive advantage strategy. SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT analysis is an analytical tool that is used find out the external and internal factors of the organization, like – S-strength and w-weakness are internal factors of organization. AlongRead MoreBcg Matrix1487 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is BCG matrix? The BCG matrix is a chart that had been created by Bruce Henderson for the Boston Consulting Group in 1968 to help corporations with analyzing their business units or product lines. This helps the company allocate resources and is used as an analytical tool in brand marketing, product management, strategic management, and portfolio analysis. Analysis of market performance by firms using its principles has called its usefulness into question, and it has been removed from some majorRead MoreBcg Matrix Analysis2570 Words   |  11 PagesBCG Matrix Model BCG Matrix Model The BCG matrix or also called BCG model relates to marketing. The BCG model is a well-known portfolio management tool used in product life cycle theory. BCG matrix is often used to prioritize which products within company product mix get more funding and attention. The BCG matrix model is a portfolio planning model developed by Bruce Henderson of the Boston Consulting Group in the early 1970s. The BCG model is based on classification of products (and implicitlyRead MoreEssay on BCG Matrix6769 Words   |  28 Pagestheir crops as well as irrigation lines and the year’s profits have washed away from the growers, which causing them to have huge losses that cost millions of dollars. After that, the growers are back in their business again and then they formed a group named as Gascoyne Gold. Gascoyne Gold has been formed with 7 shareholders, which they have invested more than $1 million, setting up a state of the art processing and packaging facility. Before they have formed, each of the growers would pickRead MoreComparison Of Porter s Five Forces And Bcg Matrix Model3653 Words   |  15 Pagescontrast between Porter’s Five Forces and BCG Matrix Model Subject: Strategic Management SIM 336 Tutor: Yahaya Alhassan Student No. 139169359 Student: Sujon Ahamed Word Count. 3229 (including headings and diagrams, Excluding references). â€Æ' Contents 1.0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦03 1.2 An overview of Porter’s Five Forces†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.03 1.3 The advantages of Porter’s Five Forces Model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..04 1.4 Some disadvantagesRead MoreCase Study : The Hobbit 1828 Words   |  8 PagesIgor Ansoff’s Corporate Strategy and the arrival Henderson’s Boston Consulting Group (BCG) that cemented strategy within the business lexicon (Freedman, 2013, 498). A variety of differing matrices and models have been developed over the past 50 years to assess a company’s portfolio. One in particular, the BCGs growth/share matrix, developed by BCGs founder, Bruce Henderson looks at combinations of market growth and market share (BCG, 2014) (add website to reference) (New Corporate Strategy Book)Read MoreSingapore Airlines Report3463 Words   |  14 Pages 1.Introduction 1 2.Company background 1 3.Business Strategy 1 4.Stakeholder Analysis 3 5.Environmental and Organization Audit 5 6. Strategic positioning for SIA 8 7. An ability to think strategically for SIA 10 BCG’s growth / share matrix 11 8.Strategic plan for SIA 12 9.Conclusion 14 10.References 14 1.Introduction This report will outline Singapore Airlines (SIA) business’ environment to aid in its future strategy formulation and planning. 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Budget Efficiency for Cost Control Purposes †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Budget Efficiency for Cost Control Purposes. Answer: Introduction: With the help of budget reports, the business owners could evaluate the performance of their organisations and in case of large-sized organisations, the managers evaluate the performance of the department and control costs. For instance, the managers and owners could use these reports for providing incentives to their staffs (Drury, 2013). This report is a crucial tool to manage cash flow for the organisations extending credit to the clients or customers. With the help of this report, the customer balances could be broken down owing to their owed duration. For instance, if a large group of customers is unable to clear their balances, it is necessary for the organisation to tighten its credit policies. In addition, it helps the collection department to look into past debts. Control is the method of assessing, gauging, monitoring and rectifying actual results to assure that the plans and goals of the business organisation are accomplished. This has been achieved through feedback. Feedback could be considered as the information that could be used in evaluating or rectifying the steps taken in implementing a plan. Management accounting enables in the control function by producing reports of performance and control reports that depict variances between actual and expected performances. The use of control and performance reports follows the principle of management by exception. These reports act as the basis to undertake essential corrective actions to control operations. In case of considerable variations between actual and budgeted outcomes, a manager would investigate to ascertain what is not going well and probably that the units or subordinates might require assistance. In the words of Fullerton, Kennedy Widener (2013), product costing is the method of identifying and understanding the different accrued expenses in the manufacture and sale of a product. This initiates with the purchase of raw wahes materials to expenses related to transportation of the final product to retail establishments. This is broadly considered as highly significant component on planning and evaluating the overall strategies of business. Thus, a product costing system gathers the cost incurred in the process of production and apportions those costs to the final products of the organisation. The product costing system is required for the following four purposes: Use in financial accounting Use in managerial accounting Use in cost management Use in reporting to the interested firms There is interlocking between these two entries, since the workers could not be preserved for future use. In case, any worker is not paid during a specific period, the person could be used for production, instead of prepaid payment (Otley Emmanuel, 2013). On the contrary, if the workers are utilised for production for a specific timeframe, the payment needs to be made within a specific timeline after the period of production. Hence, it could be remarked that both entries are associated with each other and each entry is the effect of the other entry (Fullerton, Kennedy Widener, 2013). The apportionment process under which the cost of overhead are apportioned to every unit of products, which are produced depending on a single driver cost, is considered as a conventional method. In the modern era, the accountants experience issues in apportionment of indirect costs using single cost drivers. On few occasions, the single driver cost would be associated with some costs of overhead (Klychova, Faskhutdinova Sadrieva, 2014). This has necessitated the development of activity-based costing for the apportionment of indirect cost pertaining to drivers of cost. The existing report explains the arguments for activity-based costing system and its supremacy over the traditional costing method. Traditional costing system and activity-based costing system: The manufacturing organisations are often able to enjoy several benefits with the help of activity-based costing system. Firstly, the overall cost of production is ascertained by choosing the cost of those activities using the above-depicted method. In addition, this method utilises the pertinent cost drivers by distributing every individual that would use the more accurate and pertinent allocation process. The costs related to production of the finished products are determined with the help of the method that enables the management in undertaking pertinent decisions (Otley, 2016). However, there are certain problems associated with the method of using the activity-based costing system in the context of global business organisations. In this method, the apportionment of indirect costs is not possible using the method of single driver for utilising the advanced production cost. Along with this, activity-based costing system does not take into account the single driver method or any other drivers. The primary reason behind this is that might not account for every type of costs (Rieckhof, Bergmann Guenther, 2015). Finally, there is unsuitable production cost is the outcome of improper apportionment of costs and this is the cause, which drives the management to undertake decisions about the control cost and the system of pricing. Conclusion: The organisations are needed to minimise the production cost due to the growing global competitiveness. When differentiated with the conventional costing system, an effective cost of production is provided with the help of the activity-based costing system. Hence, from the above dissection, it could be remarked that the manufacturers would be able to obtain competitive supremacy over their market rivals with the help of the activity-based costing method. In order to employ this method, extensive resources are needed in relation to the business organisations having restricted funds, as they might not be able to employ this specific system. Reciprocal services method (Normal view): Reciprocal services method (Formula view): Algebraic method for reciprocal services method: As per the allocation process, The overall cost of S1 (x) = Direct centre cost of S1 + {20% x Total Cost of S2 (y)} Or, x = $15000 + (20% * y) The overall Cost of S2 (y) = Direct centre cost of S2 + {10% x Total Cost of S1 (x)} y = $13,000 + (10% * x) y= $13,000 + [10% * ($15,000 + 20%y)] y= $13,000 + $1,500 + 2%y y - 0.02y = $14,500 0.98y = $14,500 y = $14,500/0.98 = $14,796 x = $15,000 + 20%y x = $15,000 + (20% x $14,796) x = $15,000 + $2,959 = $17,959 Matrix algebra equation (Normal view): Matrix algebra equation (Formula view): References: Drury, C. M. (2013).Management and cost accounting. Springer. Fullerton, R. R., Kennedy, F. A., Widener, S. K. (2013). Management accounting and control practices in a lean manufacturing environment.Accounting, Organizations and Society,38(1), 50-71. Klychova, G. S., Faskhutdinova, ?. S., Sadrieva, E. R. (2014). Budget efficiency for cost control purposes in management accounting system.Mediterranean journal of social sciences,5(24), 79. Otley, D. (2016). The contingency theory of management accounting and control: 19802014.Management accounting research,31, 45-62. Otley, D., Emmanuel, K. M. C. (2013).Readings in accounting for management control. Springer. Rieckhof, R., Bergmann, A., Guenther, E. (2015). Interrelating material flow cost accounting with management control systems to introduce resource efficiency into strategy.Journal of Cleaner Production,108, 1262-1278.

Research Paper on ‘Crime and Punishment’ Essay Example

Research Paper on ‘Crime and Punishment’ Essay ‘Crime and Punishment’ by Dostoevsky Analysis â€Å"Crime and Punishment† is one of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s most significant works. It is a tale of murder and desperation, sin and guilt, atonement and hopelessness. It is a story of one way – from sins to the day of reckoning. Human nature is always balancing on the verge of shadow and light. Sometimes it is a saint, but sometimes it is ready for a sin. The black color of evil and flaw is often confronted with white color of good and righteousness. Every soul is prepared to make a step to cross this thin verge and to kill, to steal, to forget about Christian way of life and – as a result – to lose moral cleanliness. Christianity is sure to be a behavioral discipline with particular moral code. Such sins as murder, lying, greed, stealing are so usual for people, that sometimes they even don’t feel guilty, don’t regret. It is the main fault in Christendom because God is sure to forgive every penitent sinner. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on ‘Crime and Punishment’ specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on ‘Crime and Punishment’ specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on ‘Crime and Punishment’ specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The idea of the novel, as far as I can see, is to show a broad world structure, a structure of the psychological world of mind, a fabric of society and to depict their role in creating and destroying an individual small world of a person. Fyodor Dostoyevsky describes skillfully the deeply human drama of Raskolnikov, a sensitive intellectual driven by poverty and the belief of his exemption from the moral law. The author provides a provocative look at the human motivations of obsession and possession with unflinching philosophical and ethical insight. The critics commonly declared that in Raskolnikov, Dostoevsky had affronted all students and that the character was a madman whom Dostoevsky attempted to portray as typical of the younger generation. Dostoevsky described the contemporary social reality. It is necessary to admit that Raskolnikov’s murdering of the old moneylender was the result of his dire poverty and that, in fact, Raskolnikov’s position in society left him no alternative but murder and robbery if he were to keep body and soul together, and eventually realize his tremendous natural abilities Raskolnikov – a young man of middle-class origin who is living in need expelled from the university. From superficial and weak thinking, having been influenced by specific â€Å"unfinished† ideas in the air, he decides to get himself out of a difficult situation quickly by killing an old woman, a usurer, and widow of a government servant. The old woman is crazy, deaf, sick, greedy, and evil. She charges immoral rates of interest, devours the well-being of others, and, having reduced her younger sister to the state of a servant, oppresses her with work. She is good for nothing. â€Å"Why does she live?† â€Å"Is she useful to anyone at all?† These and other questions carry the young man. A typical for all times and all generations’ dream – to be wealthy and happy – makes Raskolnikov sin against the lows of society and the lows of Christianity. He decides to kill and rob the old moneylender to make his mother, who is living in the provinces, happy. He wishes to save his sister from the libidinous importunities of the head of the estate where s he is serving as a lady’s companion. Then he wants to finish his studies, go abroad and be for the rest of his life honest, firm, and unflinching in fulfilling his humanitarian duty toward humankind. According to him, this would â€Å"make up for the crime.† After the act, the psychological process of the crime unfolds. Questions which he cannot resolve well up in the murderer; feelings he had not foreseen or suspected torment his heart. God’s truth and natural law take their toll, and he feels forced at last to give himself up. He is forced even if it means dying in prison, so that he may once again be part of the people. The feeling of separation and isolation from humankind, nature, and the law of truth take their toll. The criminal decides to accept suffering to redeem his deed. â€Å"Crime and Punishment† – the title of this novel is sure to contain the main idea of the Dostoevsky’s work. Therefore, this grand psychological human drama shows not a single individual fall, but numerous: every person in this novel is paying for his or her flaw. That’s why we can observe this book as an extended gallery of miserable payers to Fate or Heaven. The old moneylender had paid for her greed and immorality. Raskolnikov – the tool of Heaven to punish the greedy old pawnbroker – had paid for his proud and murder. Other persons in the novel were paying for their fear and weakness to change something in their lives with endless unhappiness and hopelessness. Here is a realistic and straightforward Dostoevsky’s world outlook: everything in our lives depends on our moral power and ability to make the last straw of suffering the first step to the light, not to the darkness of crimes because God can see everything and he pays for our deeds. That’s why any day of your life can turn into the Day of reckoning. Sources: